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Open mouth showing healthy set of bright white teeth. Steel dental probe in the foreground.

Conditions Teeth and gums

Dentistry deals with injuries and diseases of the teeth, gums, and jaw area. Common problems and diseases include caries, malocclusion of the teeth, and inflamed gums. Regular prophylaxis (prevention) makes it possible to alleviate or prevent many tooth and gum diseases.

Teeth and gums

A woman with gingivitis is at the dentist. The dentist is holding a dental mirror and a scaler. A woman with gingivitis is at the dentist. The dentist is holding a dental mirror and a scaler.

Gingivitis and periodontitis

Gingivitis is usually harmless and is soon gone again. But sometimes the inflammation spreads and damages the periodontium. Then it is called periodontitis.

A woman with caries holds her mouth open while a dentist treats her teeth. A woman with caries holds her mouth open while a dentist treats her teeth.

Caries (tooth decay)

Caries is a tooth disease. It develops through plaque bacteria, sweet foods and poor oral hygiene. Caries damages the teeth and can be painful.

A doctor wearing a mask and protective goggles holds up a dental x-ray to examine the patient’s wisdom teeth. A doctor wearing a mask and protective goggles holds up a dental x-ray to examine the patient’s wisdom teeth.

Wisdom teeth

The wisdom teeth are found at the very back of the mouth, at the end of each row of teeth. Having them extracted is often unpleasant and may have side effects. But do they always need to be taken out?

Tooth and jaw misalignments: boy smiling and showing his teeth. Many of his teeth are crooked and misaligned. Tooth and jaw misalignments: boy smiling and showing his teeth. Many of his teeth are crooked and misaligned.

Tooth and jaw misalignments

In tooth or jaw misalignments, the teeth are clearly shaped differently than they are for most people. Braces can be used to correct them.

A woman holds her right cheek, seemingly in pain. A woman holds her right cheek, seemingly in pain.

Canker sores (aphthous ulcers)

Canker sores are among the most common diseases of the mouth lining. These creamy-white and reddish sores usually heal on their own. Gels, creams, or mouth rinses may ease the pain.

A woman with a towel wrapped around her head coughs into her open hand to check her breath. A woman with a towel wrapped around her head coughs into her open hand to check her breath.

Bad breath (halitosis)

If a person has “bad breath”, breathing out causes an unpleasant odor. In most cases, good oral and dental hygiene helps relieve the problem. Find out what causes bad breath and how to prevent it.